seuraava »

[sideman]

(Hakasulkeissa [ ] ääntämisvinkki; tallennan melko tiheästi koska huono kirjoitustyyli on johtanut monesti tekstin
menettämiseen, eikä vielä ole selvinnyt mikä vahinkopainallus sen aiheuttaa...)

Lähdetäämpä liikkeelle miltei mahdollisimman kaukaa. - Sana yoga [jooga] lienee nominijohdos juuriverbistä (dhaatu) yuj [juds]*.
(Suomen sana ies näyttäisi olevan sukua sanoille yoga ja yuga; Wiktionary:
From earlier *ikes, borrowed from Old East Slavic иго (igo) .... *juga-, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm.)

Itse sanalla yoga näyttää olevan likimain "idioottimainen" määrä merkityksiä.**

Käsillä olevassa kontekstissa sana yoga viittaa sekä MaharSi Patañjalin filosofiseen systeemiin,
jonka teoreettinen perusta on MaharSi Kapilan saaMkhya-filosofia, että yoga-tilaan, joka esim.
kommentaattori Vyaasan mukaan = samaadhi.

Viimemainittu merkitys lienee primaari esim. yogan määritelmässä:

yogash citta-vRtti-nirodhaH [joogash tshitta-vritti-niroodhaha]; useita käännöksiä löytyy varsinkin täältä:

http://yogasutrastudy.info/yoga-sutra-translations/ysp-sutras1-01-1-20/  (Suutra 1.2)

Samalta sivulta löytyy myös 1.12:

abhyāsa vairāgyābhyām tannirōdhaḥ [abhjaasa-vairaagjaabhjaan tan-niroodhaha]

Eli siis, tuo jooga- eli niroodha-tila (samaadhi) saadaan aikaan abhyaasa'lla ja vairaagya'lla.

Yksi sanan abhyaasa merkityksistä näyttäisi olevan toistaminen***

Patañjali määrittelee sanan seuraavasti:

tatra sthitau yatno 'bhyaasaH (ilman sandhia: yatnaH + abhyaasaH), eli osimoilleen:
Siinä (nirodha-tilassa) pysymiseksi yritys tai pyrkimys [on] abhyaasa (practice).

Tuo suutra voi olla yksi syy siihen että samaadhin "saavuttamista" pidetään ns. kiven alla
olevana jutskana, tai että se ainakin vaatii yrittämistä, mikä on täysin päinvastainen käsitys
kuin mihin TeeäMmä perustuu. TeeäMmässä yrittäminen on kardinaalivirhe!

Noh, sana vairaagya näyttäisi esiintyvän koko YS:ssä ainoastaan kolme kertaa.
Seuraava esiintymä on suutrassa I 15:

dR^iShTAnushravikaviShayavitR^iShNasya vashIkArasa.nj~nA vairAgyam .. 1\.15..
(~drishTa-anushravika-vishaja-vitrishnasya vashii_kaara-sang'gjaa vairaagjam .. 1\.15..)

Otetaampa vaihteeksi suomenkielinen käännös uskontotieteilijä(?) Måns Broolta:

"Takertumattomuus" on nähtyjä ja kuultuja kohteita janoamattoman hallitseva tietoisuus.

Sana vairaagya on johdettu vi-etuliitteellisestä nominista raaga, ollen se ns. vRddhi-derivatiivi,
joka perustuu perussanan vokaalien pidentymiseen (esim. a > aa) ja/tai diftongiutumiseen (esim. i > e > ai):

rAga   m. colouring, colour, esp. redness; charm, loveliness; affection, feeling, passion; joy, pleasure, delight in, longing after, love of (loc. or ---); musical mode (6).
virAga   1 m. change or loss of colour, absence of passion; aversion or indifference to (loc., abl., or ---)

vairAgya   n. losing colour or turning pale; absence of passion, indifference, repugnance.

Nyt tulemme siihen suutraan joka oikeastaan on koko tämän "artikkelin" clou, eli I 16:

tatparaM puruShakhyAterguNavaitR^iShNyam .. 1\.16..
tat-param purusha-khjaateer guna-vaitrishnjam .. 1\.16..  TAI MAHDOLLISESTI(?)
tat param purusha-khjaateer guna-vaitrishnjam .. 1\.16..

Eli siis: devanaagarii-kirjoituksessa tat ja param kirjoitetaan yhteen, riippumatta siitä
onko kyseessä kaksi eri sanaa (tat ja param) vai tatpuruSa-tyyppinen yhdyssana (tat-param)!

तत्परं पुरुषख्यातेर्गुणवैतृष्ण्यम् ॥ १.१६॥


(Taitaa olla tyypillinen assi-probleema, joka "normaaliyksilölle" on EVVK, LOL!)

(tall. kesk. er...)


* yuj   2 a. yoked together, harnessed with, drawn by (---), endowed or furnished with (instr. or ---); pair, even. m. comrade, companion.
2   yuj, yunakti, yuGkta, yujate   1 & {yuJjati, -te} pp. {yukta3} (q.v.) [[,]] yoke, harness (of waggon and steed); make ready, fit out, prepare, arrange, set to work (P. refl.); apply, use, fasten or fix on put or place ({dhuri} at the head lit. at the thill), turn or direct (esp. the mind) upon (loc.); ({yogam}) be intent on, meditate (also M.); appoint, institute; bid, order, enjoin; unite, connect, join with (instr.); P. M. cling to, adhere, marry; A. present or furnish with (acc. of pers. & instr. of th., or loc. gen. of pers. & acc. of th.); M. become possessed of (acc.); P. the same (instr. {ńsaha}) or fall to one's (gen.) share or lot, be fit or suitable for (loc., gen. or instr.), be proper or right. C. {yojayati -te} yoke, harness, fit out, array; use, employ, undertake, begin; appoint to or charge with (loc.), fasten, fix (esp. the mind) or place on (loc.); unite, connect, furnish, endow with (instr.). D. {yuyukSati} wish to lay on or to appoint.

** yoga   m. (1. %{yuj} ; ifc. f. %{A}) the act of yoking , joining , attaching , harnessing , putting to (of horses) RV. MBh. ; a yoke , team , vehicle , conveyance S3Br. Kaus3. MBh. ; employment , use , application , performance RV. &c. &c. ; equipping or arraying (of an army) MBh. ; fixing (of an arrow on the bow-string) ib. ; putting on (of armour) L. ; a remedy , cure Sus3r. ; a means , expedient , device , way , manner , method MBh. Ka1v. &c. ; a supernatural means , charm , incantation , magical art ib. ; a trick , stratagem , fraud , deceit Mn. Katha1s. (cf. %{yoga-nanda}) ; undertaking , business , work RV. AV. TS. ; acquisition , gain , profit , wealth , property ib. Kaus3. MBh. ; occasion , opportunity Ka1m. Ma1rkP. ; any junction , union , combination , contact with (instr. with or without %{saha} , or comp.). MBh. Ka1v. &c. (%{yogam} %{i} , to agree , consent , acquiesce in anything R.) ; mixing of various materials , mixture MBh. R. VarBr2S. ; partaking of , possessing (instr. or comp.) Mn. R. Hariv. ; connection , relation (%{yogAt} , %{yogena} and %{yoga-tas} ifc. in consequence of , on account of , by reason of , according to , through) Ka1tyS3r. S3vetUp. Mn. &c. ; putting together , arrangement , disposition , regular succession Ka1t2h. [856,3] S3rS. ; fitting together , fitness , propriety , suitability (%{yogena} and %{yoga-tas} ind. suitably , fitly , duly , in the right manner) MBh. Ka1v. &c. ; exertion , endeavour , zeal , diligence , industry , care , attention (%{yoga-tas} ind. strenuously , assiduously ; %{pUrNena@yogena} , with all one's powers , with overflowing zeal) Mn. MBh. &c. ; application or concentration of the thoughts , abstract contemplation , meditation , (esp.) self-concentration , abstract meditation and mental abstraction practised as a system (as taught by Patan5jali and called the Yoga philosophy ; it is the second of the two Sa1m2khya systems , its chief aim being to teach the means by which the human spirit may attain complete union with I7s3vara or the Supreme Spirit ; in the practice of self-concentration it is closely connected with Buddhism) Up. MBh. Ka1v. &c. (IW. 92) ; any simple act or rite conducive to Yoga or abstract meditation Sarvad. ; Yoga personified (as the son of Dharma and Kriya1) BhP. ; a follower of the Yoga system MBh. S3am2k. ; (in Sa1m2khya) the union of soul with matter (one of the 10 Mu1lika7rtha1s or radical facts) Tattvas. ; (with Pa1s3upatas) the union of the individual soul with the universal soul Kula7rn2. ; (with Pa1n5cara1tras) devotion , pious seeking after God Sarvad. ; (with Jainas) contact or mixing with the outer world ib. ; (in astron.) conjunction , lucky conjuncture La1t2y. VarBr2S. MBh. &c. ; a constellation , asterism (these , with the moon , are called %{cAndra-yogAH} and are 13 in number ; without the moon they are called %{kha-yogAH} , or %{nAbhasa-yogAH}) VarBr2S. ; the leading or principal star of a lunar asterism W. ; N. of a variable division of time (during which the joint motion in longitude of the sun and moon amounts to 13 degrees 20 minutes ; there are 27 such Yogas beginning with Vishkambha and ending with Vaidhr2iti) ib. ; (in arithm.) addition , sum , total Su1ryas. MBh. ; (in gram.) the connection of words together , syntactical dependence of a word , construction Nir. Sus3r. (ifc. = dependent on , ruled by Pa1n2. 2-2 , 8 Va1rtt. 1) ; a combined or concentrated grammatical rule or aphorism Pa1n2. Sch. Siddh. (cf. %{yoga-vibhAga}) ; the connection of a word with its root , original or etymological meaning (as opp. to %{rUDhi} q.v.) Nir. Prata1p. Ka1tyS3r. Sch. ; a violator of confidence , spy L. ; N. of a Sch. on the Parama7rthasa1ra ; (%{A}) f. N. of a S3akti Pan5car. ; of Pi1vari1 (daughter of the Pitr2is called Barhishads) Hariv.

*** abhyAsa   2 m. the act of adding anything , S3ulb. ; (in Gr.) `" what is prefixed "' , the first syllable of a reduplicated radical Pa1n2. ; reduplication Nir. ; repetition Mn. xii , 74 , &c. ; (in poetry) repetition of the last verse of a stanza [Nir.] or of the last word of a chapter [Comm. on AitBr.] ; (in arithm.) multiplication ; repeated or permanent exercise , discipline , use , habit , custom [77,1] ; repeated reading , study ; military practice L. ; (in later Veda1nta phil.) inculcation of a truth conveyed in sacred writings by means of repeating the same word or the same passage ; (in Yoga phil.) the effort of the mind to remain in its unmodified condition of purity (sattva)

[sideman]

Kaksi YS:n käsitettä, jotka varsinkin TM:n näkökulmasta näyttävät mielestämme
melko tähdellisiltä, ovat saMprajñaata [sam-pra-gjaata] ja anya [anja]. Meistä vaikuttaa
siltä että nuo ovat PJ:llä samaadhin kaksi peruskategoriaa.

vitarkavichArAnandAsmitArUpAnugamAt sa.npraj~nAtaH ..
vitarkka-vitshaara-aananda-asmitaa-ruupa-anugamaat sampragjaatahaa ..

(Useimmissa laitoksissa ei taida tuota ruupaa olla laisinkaan?)

Tuo lienee siis sampragjaata-samaadhin ("pinnallisemman" samaadhin tason?) määritelmä.
Useimmat syvämeditaation (esim. TM:n) harjoittajat kokenevat aluksi melko pitkään (vaikkapa viikkoja, tahi kuukausia?) lähinnä
tuota samaadhin pääkategoriaa?

Kohdistakaamme kuitenkin päämielenkiintomme tässä kontekstissa anyaan:

virAmapratyayAbhyAsapUrvaH sa.nskArasheSho.anyaH .. 1\.18..
viraama-pratjaja-abhjaasa-puurvas samskaara-sheeshoo 'njahaa (ilman sandhii: saMskaara-sheSaH; anyaH)*.

Jostain luultavasti perustellusta syystä PJ käyttää toisesta samaadhin pääkategoriasta termiä anya, eli, well, toinen (samaadhin pääkategoria)

Kaikki käännökset yoga-sutra.infosta:

[HA]: Asamprajnata-Samadhi Is The Other Kind Of Samadhi Which Arises Through Constant Practice Of Para-Vairagya Which Brings About The Disappearance Of The Mind Wherein Only The Latent Impressions Remains.

[IT]: The remnant impression left in the mind on the dropping of the Pratyaya after the previous practice is the other (i.e. Asamprajnata Samadhi)

[VH]: The other (nirodha), preceeded by the practice (abhyasa) of the pratyaya-immediate arising thought of virama-cessation *, has a residiuum of sanskara-subliminal activators.(* of the forms described in the previous sutra, including the indivdual sense of “I am”)

[BM]: Beyond this is a state where only subliminal impressions remain from the practice of stopping thought.

[SS]: By the firmly convinced practice of the complete-cessation of the mental modifications, the impressions only remain. This is the other samadhi [asamprajnata or non-distinguished]

[SP]: The other kind of concentration is that ‘in which the consciousness contains no object—only subsconscious ‘ impressions, which are like burnt seeds. It is attained by constantly checking the thought-waves through the practice of non-attaclunent.

[SV]: There is another Samadhi which is attained by the constant practice of cessation of all mental activity, in which the Chitta retains only the unmanifested impressions.

Meitsin suosikkikäännös korostettuna...

* Sanasto niille jotka haluavat yrittää omaa käännöstä:

virAma   m. cessation, rest, end, pause, caesura, stop and its sign

pratyaya   m. belief, conviction, confidence, trust in (loc., gen., or ---), evidence, certainty, knowledge, notion, idea; suffix (g.).
(prati-aya : vastaan "ajo"  -- aya   m. going)

abhyAsa   m. addition. repetition; reduplicate (g.), study, reading, exercise, custom.

pUrva   a. being before (sp. & t.), fore, first, eastern, to the east of (abl.); prior, preceding, ancient, previous to, earlier than (abl. or ---, often --- or --- w. pp. in the sense of an adv., e.g. {pUrvokta} or {uktapUrva} spoken before or already); accompanied by, following; with, under, according

saMskAra   m. preparing, arranging; cultivation, education; purification, sacrament, consecration, any rite or ceremony, esp. funeral obsequies; impression (ph.).

sheSa   a. remaining, left from (---, esp. after a pp.), pl. all the other(s). m. n. rest, surplus or remainder of (loc., gen., or ---); end, supplement, anything secondary or accidental (adj. --- having only a rest of --left, or of which only -- is left); loc.

anya   (n. {anyad}) another, other, else, different from (abl.)

(tall. kesk. er...)